Atheists who flunk Darwin

image_pdfimage_print

of Antonio Pozio appeared on Future the 01/04/10

In an editorial signed by Andrea Lavazza, the Avvenire said the essay by Fodor and Piattelli Palmarini.

Their book, released in February, made noise in the Anglo-Saxon world. It probably will in Italy, where the translation is announced for mid-April. On the other hand, a title like “Darwin's mistakes” it seems made on purpose to arouse opposition. The authors have clearly expressed the purpose in an article published in the journal “New Scientist”, in which they summarize the contents of the volume (leaving for Feltrinelli): natural selection has shown an insidious imperialist tendency, his ex-post explanations have spread from biology to a large number of other disciplines, from philosophy to psychology, from anthropology to sociology, up to aesthetics and even theology; then, if the effectiveness of selection in biology is demolished, the possibility of using it will also drop (out of turn, they believe) in other disciplines.

Their, the well-known philosopher Jerry Fodor and the cognitive scientist Massimo Piattelli Palmarini, they make it clear that they are atheists and do not want to give weapons to creationists or supporters of intelligent design. But they think this contributes to the advancement of science, offering better explanations, strictly naturalistic. It is difficult not to agree on the often generic or unfounded applications of the concept of adaptation to the appreciation of art, to marriage behaviors or religious beliefs. More controversial is the thesis that other mechanisms must completely replace selection as the engine of evolution. It is less easy than critics and late-breaking supporters say to enter the debate, rather complex, like the book, certainly not an easy to read pamphlet. So what is the thesis of Fodor and Piattelli Palmarini? That evolution (that is, the change of living forms) it doesn't work as Darwinian orthodoxy thinks.

Simplifying, copying errors of genes occur in the reproduction of organisms leading to phenotypic mutations, that is, to changes in physical characteristics (or even in behaviors). Some new features allow individuals with them to better survive in their own habitat as well, mostly, to reproduce more, others render a bad service (a faster gazelle will be saved from the lion, a slower one will always end up eaten). In this sense, the environment selects the most suitable among the random variations and the species evolve. Anything, almost, of all this, instead say the authors. It is not the environment that drives the change, they are internal constraints of another kind, including the operation of the “master geniuses” (which command many structures of the body), the physico-chemical laws of form and self-organization ... To use an example proposed by Piattelli Palmarini, in the finch, a mutation that alters the shape of the upper half of the beak produces congruent changes in the bones of the skull, in the lower part of the beak, in the neck muscles and nerves. This, in other words, would prevent "selecting and refining each organ or trait separately for the blind game of nature". The criticism of the criticism was not long in coming. And not only from the Pasdaran of Darwinism. His “Nature”, a slating “institutional” by Massimo Pigliucci. Michael Ruse, one of the best known scholars of evolutionism, who confronted the proponents of intelligent design, spoke of "intensely irritating book" and "very bad arguments".

Two philosophers and cognitive scientists of the caliber of Ned Block and Philip Kitcher have tried to demolish in detail the positions of Fodor and Piattelli Palmarini by concluding that, without prejudice to respect for their previous works, “Darwin's mistakes”, despite the impressive literature cited, it is based on errors and distortions and is bound to be confusing.

"Science has made considerable progress since Darwin's time and certainly there have been invasions of the field of evolution, but this does not discredit the general principle of natural selection ", commented Francesco Scalfari of the university of Asti, one of the founders of the Italian Society of Evolutionary Biology. «The mechanism of “exaptation” studied by Gould and mentioned in the book (see box) it is well known: it does not constitute a revolution, but a further explanation in the concreteness of natural history ".

Fiorenzo Facchini is also very prudent, paleoanthropologist of the University of Bologna, contrary to evolutionary fundamentalism, but not willing to throw everything Darwin to the winds.

Someone spoke of "extended evolutionary theory", the authors replied that they wanted instead to operate "a real reversal". For a single book, which is based only on a rereading of some research, perhaps too ambitious a goal. But if the achievements of science are by definition always revisable, even the current Darwinian orthodoxy may undergo further adjustments over time. And all this will be done in the field, not with superficial controversies.

You may also like
There are no comments
  1. Anonymous dice

    Se una persona vuole rovinarsi la vita per proprio conto seguendo chissà quale impulso malato profondo, faccia purema quello che più mi infastidisce dei testimoni di Geova è il fatto che in più punti della loro bibbia sono riportate le stesse frasi della nostra Bibbia ma con una punteggiatura diversa, il che equivale a stravolgere il significato del messaggioHo studiato ( senza praticare ) con loro per tre anni, diremo così, come ” infiltrato “, perchè volevo capire di più al di là delle loro spiegazioni. E quella che sembra una vita perfetta è invece un’esistenza controllata dai capi che sono, Moreover, ricchissimi. La loro gerarchia è molto severa e non ammette errori da parte degli adepti, pena un vergognoso e denigrante allontanamento e chissà quali sanzioniHo conosciuto persone buonissime e ingenue che credono ciecamente nel controllo e nell’insegnamento degli anziani ma quando ho dimostrato loro la manipolazione subdola fatta nei loro stessi confronti, sono stati allontanati da me e gli è stato intimato di non contattarmi più. In compenso ho ricevuto la visita dei Sorveglianti, altro potente braccio della loro gerarchia, che ho avuto il piacere di smascherare a suon di fatti e sapete cosa mi è stato risposto? ” se tu venissi con noi potresti convertire centinaia di persone, rportando quello che sai a nostro beneficio…” Cacciarli fuori dalla mia casa è stata una grande soddisfazione.Mi dispiace per le buone persone che ho conosciuto, ma devo ammettere un loro grande difetto: non chiedersi mai il perchèI Testimoni di Geova come potenza sono secondi soltanto a Scientology….è in base a questo che ho lasciato un commento.

    1. ChristianFaith dice

      Unfortunately, you're absolutely right. But my experiences are different, in quanto ho una signora vicina di casa che da due anni mi porta le riviste, che io prendo e leggo, finchè mi va perche sono monotone e conosco gia quel che dicono. Ho parlato diverse volte con lei e con quella che si porta dietro, le ho detto le cose più dure, dalla Bibbia falsa (non solo la punteggiatura, le loro Bibbie contengono parole aggiunte e sostituzioni lessicali e verbali), della delinquenza della Torre di Guardia, del fatto che sono una setta manipolata, etc. Lei, dopo essersi assentata qualche mese, è poi tornata all’assalto. Hanno la dignità sotto i piedi. L’altro giorno le ho chiesto se per par condicio le avessi dato i miei articoli li avrebbe letti. Dopo titubanza ha detto di sì, non avrebbe potuto dire altro. Le h dettopoi ti interrogo eh!”, come fanno loro. Se non lo leggerà, le dirò di non venire piu, e che cavolo, quel che è giusto è giusto, sei tu che vieni a rompere a casa mia e dici che ti vuoi confrontare, quando è palese che vuoi convertirmi. Non so piu cosa fare, le ho provate di tutte, l’ho trattata anche malissimo.

Leave a reply

This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Accept Read more

You are in search of truth? You want peace of mind and certainty? Visit the section questions & Answers!

X